Device for indicating the position of ships



Nov. 26, 1935. A. P. DAVIS 2,022,275

DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE POSITION OFA SHIPS Filed Nov. l0, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 26, 1935. A. P. DAvls 2,022,275

DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE POSITIN OF SHIPS Filed Nov. lO, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 SPEED DISC COURSE DISC INVENTOR AT TORNEY5 Nov. 26, 1935. A. P. DAVIS DEVICE FOR INDCATING THE POSITION OF SHIPS Filed NOV. lO, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 readings.

Patented Novav26,` 1935l .UNITED STATES llx'r-Elv'rv OFFICE DEVICE non mnlca'rmc 'um rosrnoN or smrs Pattison Davis, Brooklyn, N. Y., assigner of one-half to David M. Mahood, New York, y

" Application November 1o, 1921, semi No. 232,324

y i2 claims. (cl. zas-.61) f This invention relates .to a device for indicating the instantaneousgeographical position of a ship upon which the device is mounted without the necessity of resorting to astronomical ob.

5 servations, speed of ship readings, or the like.

Dead reckoning of a ship is usually computed roughly from either log and compass readings, from propeller speed and'compass readings, or from astronomical observations and compass All of these well-known manual methods of dead reckoning are satisfactory but require determinable information-of some kind before the computations can be made and this information is not always `readily available. Furthermore, the procurement of this information is vaccompanied by unnecessary labor, requiresspecial skill and is' frequently dimcult to'obtain at times such as during heavy storms which often prevent accurate log or propellervspeed readings,1

during overcast orA foggy Weather when it is lmpossible to make astronomical observations, and

the like.

'Apparatus has been devised heretofore whereby the equivalent log and compass movements are continuously reproduced and combined'by vector mechanisms to trace the movements of the `ship upon a chartor sphere. However, inasmuch as charts or spheres having the required superficial area would necessarily have to be of a prohibitive size-in orderto give fairly accurate readings, such apparatus is not practical.` Other forms of dead reckoningapparatus employ av great number of local charts which must be continually changed and the apparatus readjusted when the ship moves out vof the area denedby each oneof the local charts. In addition to these objections, it is always necessary to calculate latitude and longitude inasmuch as theY charts or spheres of such apparatus show only relative positions. These forms of 'apparatuaare further inaccurate in that no/ provision is made f changes in longitude per v es traveled as e ship approaches or leaves t e equator or the reversal in latitude readings as the ship crosses fthe equator, as well as the reversal of longitude readings asth shiprcroes the yGreenwich meridian.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide a device whereby the dead reckoning of the ship upon which the device is `mounted is indicated instantaneously and automatically in degrees of latitude and longitude with an accuracy not heretofore obtainable. formation consists of speed of ship and bearing of ship, and these may be obtained Yfrom the speed 'Ihe input in-` of propeller shaft and compass readings, respectively. The propeller speed readings and coms pass readings are mechanically converted into the resultant speeds of the ship inv due-N-S and4 -E*-W directions. 4'I'hese speed quantities are 5 then converted into equivalent latitude and 1on- -1 gitude readings which are readable fromsuitable` dials placed in a convenient position upon the ship. Various factors of error are compensated for in order to give the accurate readings for 10 I 'wheneverthe shipA changes its latitude position.

and inasmuch as a ship rarely travels for any length of time due east or west, the device introduces corrections substantially continuously. 25 For a betterunderstanding of the invention,

refe'rence is-made to the accompanying draw.

,ings

, Figure l is a schematic'diagrarn of one form oi' the device of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion thereof; W Fig. 2a is a detail of the hand setting mechamsm;

yFigs. 3, 3a. and Sheare schematic diagrams of anothenform of the device of vthis invention; and 35 Figs. 4 and 5 are ditic illustrations of lthe operation of the device.

In these drawings. numeral I0 designates the hull of a ship 4which is drlvenby propeller Il attached to thepropeller shaft I2. Connected 40 to and driven by the propeller shaft I 2 in any suitable manner is an electrical transmitterrril. which may be of the step by step type for driving a remote step by step receivermotor Il. 'I'his receiver motor in turn drives conversion disc I5 45 at'thev rateo! revolution or some constant fraction of the drate of revolution of thepropeller shaft.` Engaging the surface o fthisdlsc so as` to be driven thereby is a friction wheely It mount- Y ed upon a shaft I1, this shaft having a manu- 50 ally or automatically adjustablel crank iland a dial I l associated with a suitable4 index or I lubberfline 2U. 'Ihe relative radial position'of friction wheel It on disc I5 determinesthe rate at which friction wheel-Il is driven, and for the 6o reading corrects for factors of error incident t0 the operation of the vessel itself, such errors being caused lby the condition of the hull of the vessel, drift, loss of efficiency of the propellers at high speed and for current and like conditions. The

speed of friction wheel I6, which corresponds to the corrected rate of revolution of the propeller shaft or a predetermined ratio thereof, is transmitted therefrom by elongated pinion 23 which meshes with and is slidable inrelation to gear 24. This gear 2l is mounted upon shaft 25 which is provided with a second gear 28 engaging the pinion 21 of odometer 28', which is calibrated to indicate total miles traveled. The oppomte end of shaft 25 carries gear 26 which meshes with and drivesl a relatively large gear 20 securely attached to a plane disc 2B rotatably mounted in suitable bearing wheels 29 distributed at various points about its periphery. This disc 28 may be conveniently termed the speed disc, inasmuch as its rate of revolution bears a fixed relation b the speed of the ship, being driven through the correction mechanism above described from propeller shaft I2.

The course input of the dead reckoning device may be obtained from the master magnetic or .gyroscopic compass 30 mounted in its binnacle 'quently distributed in various portions of the vessel, such as in the masters cabin, or the like. As diagrammatically shown in Figure 1, the servo motor 3|, by means of worm l! and wheel Il, drives Ishaft ll. The opposite end of shaft Il is provided with suitable beveled Bears I1 which drive worm I8 andwoa'm wheel Il carrying and driving plane disc'll which is rotatably mounted in suitable bearing wheels-4l' distributed about its periphery in the same manner as was described in-connection withspeed disc 2l. l'nasmuch as the rotation ofI disc Il depends upon the movement of the master compas "as it designates changes in the course of the vessel. disc 4l may be termed the course disc. The opposite sides of comse disc` Il are provided with crankpinsll and42 disposed90 apart. Across head Il is provided with a vertically extending bar 44 and an elongated horinontal alot' in which pin Il moves ina lateral directi as it rotates secured between bracketslland 4I attached to thebarll. Crank/pin 42 isenmedbycross head 4I, the slot of which embraces pin l2 so thatA the latter has free'lateral motion therein. MountedoncrossheadllisabarlLthefree lencl of which carries friction roller l2 which engagesandisdrivenbythecthersurfaceofspeed disc 2l. Connected to and driven by friction rollerlIisanelectx-icaltrannnittersuitably mounted between brackets BI and ll attached to vertical bar 5|. Connected to the transmitter It through beveled gears 5C, so as to be driven by the transmitter is an odometer 51 while transmitter 53 through` beveled gears 5l drives 5 odometer 59.

Transmitter 5l is connected to and drives electrical receiver motor 60, which may be disposed at a distance from transmitter 5I and which is reversible in direction of rotation by reversing l0 The shaft of receiver motor 60 carries worm B2 which drives worm wheel I and attached shaft 64 having a worm 65. As shown-also in Fig. 2a this worm l5 drives worm wheel which is freely rotatable upon shaft 61 l5 except for a frictional drive connection procured by spring 6I engaging the surface of wheel Ol and attached by button 6l to shaft 61. Shaft 61 is journalled in bearing '1l and also carries bevel gear 1| which meshes with, so as to be ro 20 tatable by, bevel gear 12 on shaft 13. The free end of shaft 13 is provided with half of al clutch jaw or the like, which is adapted to be engaged by the corresponding clutch jaw on shaft 14 which is journalled so as to be axially slidable through 25 the side of casing 15. Shaft 1l is surrounded by spring 1I which normally keeps the clutch open except when crank 11 is pushed inwardly. Accordinglypby pushing on and rotating crank 11, shaft 61 may be rotated relatively tc driving worm 30 wheel il because of the slippage between this wheel and spring Il. The upper end of shaft l1' carriesdial 1I which is calibrated to indicate minutes of latitude against lubber-line 1I. A coacting dial Il, calibrated in degrees of iatltude is driven at a ,slower rate of speed than dial 18, and therefrom by means of bevel gear Il meshing with bevel gear 1|,.shaft I2, worm Il and worm wheel M which is connected to'dial Il. The aforesaid calibration of Vlatitude dials 1l 40 and' Il is based upon the N-S co-crdinate of movement of the ship ovler the face of the globe. which is measurable in miles as described. each mile of movement of the ship in the N-S direction representing a certain fraction of a degree of latitude. Accordingly, the latitudinal position of the ship is 'directly proportional to the number of miles travelled by the ship in a dueN-B, direction since the ship's position, though vary ing, is definitely ascertainable as it travels. '12ms 50 u md receiver u, so that am n my be ubrated according to the latitude H miles propcrtionality for indicating latitude directly.

Transmitter is connected'to and drives electrical recdver motor II disposed in casing 1l. and

v which u reversible inA direction o: muon by re- 00 l to drive bar 44 in a-vertical direction. The'free versing switch Il. 'The shaft i1 of motor Il carries friction disc ll which ispressed against fricf tion wheel l by spring Il, so as to frictionally drive wheel Il. Friction wheel Il isrotatable on shaft 0| which is iournalled for axialmovelnent in frame l2. Oneend'of shaft Il carriesc'oil spring Il which presses against and steadies wheel. I! in position on disc while the other endofthe'shaftissplinedonstudllagainstm- `tational movement, and carries wheel'll which 70 engag cam carriedby dial Il. Accordingly ascamisrotatedwithdiailtshaft Il ismoved axially and with it friction wheel Il'. As the radial position of frictionv wheel .Il is varied upon disc ,thespeedof thewheel is changed. The" scribed in connection with latitude dial 18 for indicating minutes of-longitude and coacts with dial |88 divided into degrees oi' longitude and lubberline |81.y Dial |88 is driven at less speed than dial |85 and therefrom by means of bevel gears |88 and |88, shaft ||8, worm and wheel ||2 which is attached t0 dial I". ,Dials |05 and l are hand adjustable by means of crank I8, clutch shaft ||8 and bevel gear ||5 meshing with gear |88, through a frictional drivesuch as that de-V scribed in connectionI with latitude .setting crank 11.

The operation of the device may be explained in connection with Figs. 4 and 5.` In Fig. 4 is illustrated the relation of crank pins 8| and 82 when the ship is heading due north, crank pin 82 representing the locus of N-S coordinates, and crank pin 8| the locus of the E--W coordinates. In

the position illustrated in Fig. 4, pin 8| by means of bar 88, ilxes the position of friction wheel 85 at the center of speed disc 28 so that no rotation is imparted to it since the ship is travelling neither east nor west. Crank pin 82 on the other hand, throughj bar 5|, ilxes the position of friction wheel 52 at the point near the periphery of the speed disc 28 where it receives rotation at a rate equivalent to the actual speed of the vessel which is moving in a due northerly course. Assume now that the vessel changes its course to a north north-west general direction. The master compass 88, through repeaters" and servo-motor 8 i, will effect the rotation of course disc 88, so that the relative positions of crank pins 8| and 82 will be as illustrated in llig. 5, and friction wheels 85 and 52 respectively, will be moved into equivalent relative positions so as to rotate at speeds representing the speed of the ship in northerly and westerly directions, respectively, the actual ship speed being the resultant of these two speeds. 4Ii the ship maintains this course,

. The speeds of friction wheels 85 and 52 are reproduced within casing 15 by longitude and lati'- tudereceiver motors 85 and 88, respectively. The

latitude dials 88 and 18 are directly actuated by' motor 88 and continuously indicate'in degrees and minutes, respectively, the latitude of the ship. Inasmuch as latitudeis a direct function of miles travelled north or south, the latitude readings are directly proportional to the speedolthe ship as f it moves toward or leaves theeduator.` It-may be noted here that thereis a change inflatitude near the poles due to the flattened polar surfaces, but ordinary navigation does not extend further than 10 latitude, so that this latitude correction need not be considered and the latitude dials are calibrated for not more than 70 latitude.

.in position of the ship. Actually,'the length of a degree of longitude'varies as the cosine of lati'- tude, being, for example 69.65 statute-miles at theeduator, and 53.43 statute miles 'at 40 lati- K tude. This source of error must be compensated for and as it varies as the cosine of latitude, cosine cam 88, driven according to the changes in latitude as indicated by connected dial 88, introduces a correction factor vinto'the longitude indicating mechanism. This is done by the shift- 5 A ing of the radial position of vfriction wheel 88 upon drive disc 88. Inasmuch as the movement of cam 88 as the ship leaves the equator results' in an increase in .speed in the longitudev indieating mechanism, the increase in degrees of l0 longitude per milesstraveled north or south is compensated for automatically. v

Inasmuchf as the latitude readings reverse upon opposite 'sides of the equator, switch 8| is manipulated to reverse the terminals of latitude l5 receiver motor 88so that it will then rotate in the reverse direction. Similarly, when the ship crosses the Greenwich meridian the longitude, readings will reverse, andv this is accomplished by reversing switch v88 of longitude receiver mo- 20 tor 85. As these occurrences of crossing the equator or zero meridian are usually rare, the reversal of the receiver motors may be done manually without inconvenience. fr v InFigs. 3, 3a and 3b is illustrated a modified 25 form of a ship poslticnsindicating device of this invention in which the longitude corrections are introduced directly into the conversion mechanism including the crank device, instead of by shown in Fig. 1. In this .modified mechanism,

'the receivers for longitude and latitude .indicate the correct' readingsvdirectly at one or morel 'points remote from the computing mechanism,

The input' mechanisms are ,the same as those 35 shown in Figure 1, these being so connected as to drive speed disc 28 and ships course worm wheel 88. Course worm wheel 88 carries E-W crank pin 8| which mov`es in cross head1/4 so as to actuate frame ||8. vThis frame carries frictions() roller ||1 which engages and is driven by speed disc 28. 'Ihe movement of friction wheel ||1 is transmitted through reduction gearing ||8, friction clutch ||8 to transmitter |28 and shaft 2|, which is hollow and carries a second shaft |22` 45 which is splined therein. In order to initially adjust for latitude, the crank |28 is provided vwhich ismounted on shaft |28, the opposite end of which carries beveledgear |25. This beveled gear by pushinginwardly onl crank |28 may be 50 caused to mesh with beveled gear |28 ilxed to Accordingly by rotating crank- |28, motion may be transmitted to transmitter |28 and shaft |2| through the slippage of friction clutch ||8 without-disturbing the relation vbe- 55 tween friction wheel ||1 and speed disc 28. An indicator |21 which may be in the form of'an odometer calibrated in the manner described to l read in degrees and m|nfutes,ef latitude fis dimuy connected to shari; iri by means er bevel so gears |28. y

The movement of course worm wheel 88 which is actuated by a remote master compass or the like is transmitted to vbevel gears |28, |88 and |8I; mounted inv asuitable stationary bracketrs |82. Connected to bevel gear |8| so as to be driven thereby, is a crank |88 which carries crank pin 82'.r 'Ihe relation of crank pin 82to crank pin 8| is dlii'erentJfrom that described in connection with Figure l, in that the crank pins 7c are not fixed `9v0 apart but rotate in opposite ldirections with respect to each other, but the effect remains the same. The movement of bevel gear |28 is transmitted to attached bevel gear I|88 andrintermeshing bevel gears |88 and |88, 75

.in reverse readings.

the latter being mounted on an independent shaft |31 projecting through crank |33. 'Ihis shaft |31 carries cosine cam |33 which engages roller |39 mounted in slide |43 which directly carries crank pin 42', this crank pin being slidably in cross head 43' which carries and accordingly actuates frame |4I. If the vessel is moving due east or west, there will be no change in latitude so that cosine cam |33 and crank |33 will remain stationary without relative movement between them. However, if the latitude is changing, bevel gear |42 carried by latitude shaft |22 imparts bodily movement to bevel gear |33 through attached bevel gear |43. This movement causes bevel gear |33 to roll aroundi on relatively fixed bevel gear |34, and to rotate bevel gear |33, which is mountedY upon shaft |31 carrying the cosine cam |33, and causes a displacement of cam |33 relative to crank |33. Consequently the crank arm of crank pin 42 is varied with a corresponding change in the position of frame |4| which is driven by crank pin 42' through cross head 43'.

The longitude computing mechanism is mounted upon frame |4| and carries friction wheel |44 which is driven by speed disc 23. The movement of friction wheel |44 is transmitted through reduction gearing |45, friction clutch |43, and transmitter |41 to shaft |43 which is suitably journalled in frame |4|. In order to introduce corrections or originally set the longitude apparatus, a crank |43 mounted on shaft |33 is provided. By pushing inwardly upon crank |43, bevel gears |3| and' |32 are caused to mesh and then by turning crank |43, the angular position of shaft |43 may be varied through the slippage of friction clutch |45 without` disturbing the relation between friction wheel |44 and speed disc 28. A longitude indicator |33 suitably calibrated in the manner described to indicate degrees and minutes of longitude is connected to shaft |43 through bevel gears |34.

The latitude transmitter is connected to and drives remote latitude receiver |33 which actuates latitude dials |33 which are calibrated in the manner described to indicate the latitude in degrees and minutes. Similarly, the longitude transmitter |41 is connected to and directly drives longitude receiver' |31 which actuates longitude dials |33 calibrated in the manner described to indicate degrees and minutes. In order to compensate for the reversal in latitude readings when the ship crosses the equator, a heart-shaped cosine cam |33 may be provided and the reversing switch |33 is placed in the transmission lineconnecting the latitude transmitter and receiver for the purpose of reversing the terminals of the latter so that it will indicate Similarly a reversing switch |34 `lis placed in a longitude transmission line for reversing longitude readings as the ship crosses the Greenwich meridian. '111e longitude and latitude receivingmotors |31 and` |33, .respectively. may be conveniently mounted in an instrument casing |3| and placed in any desirable position in the ship. If more than one of these instruments are required in different-places in the ship, they may be connected to the longitude and latitude ton lines in the form of repeaters in any well known manner.

In the device illustrated in Fig. 3, the throw of the ylongitude crank pin 42? is varied according to the cosine law as the ship approaches or -leaves the equator, this variation being a function of latitudeand is controlled by the move-' cator actuated by the N-S-wheel.

ments of the latitude computing mechanism which is directly connected to friction wheel ||1 disposed upon speed disc 23. This correction is eilected by varying the relative position of friction wheel |44 upon speed disc 23. Accordingly, -5

as latitude increases the speed of friction wheel |44 is increased since the double cosine cam |33 is actuated to increase the radial distance between friction wheel |44 and the center of speed disc 23. The reverse is true as the ship appreaches the equator with the corresponding decrease in latitude readings.

It will be seen that the new device is capable of directly indicating dead reckoning of a ship without makingany manual calculations whatever, and with an accuracy not heretofore ohtainable since no charts or spheres are depended upon nor the human element of calculation. Accordingly, by merely glancing at the latitude and longitude dials of the new device, the exact m geographical location of the ship upon which the device is mounted is instantaneously apparent at any time. Inasmuch as th input values of propeller speedy and compass readings are direct and not dependent upon natural conditions; the deposition of a ship, comprising a disc rotated in proportion to the ships speed, members controlled by the ship compass and relatively movable on the surface of the disc so as to be driven thereby, said members being adjustable in proportion to thegE-W and N-S components of the ship course, a longitude indicator operated by the E-W member, a latitude indicator operated by the N-S member, a cam operated by the latitude indicator, and connections between the cam and the longitude indicator for modifying `the longitude readings. I

. 2. A device for continuously indicating the position of a ship, comprising a disc rotated in proportion to the ships speed, a crank controlled by the ship compass in proportion to the E-W 45 component of the ship course, a second crank controlled by the ship compass in proportion to the N -S component of ship course, a pair ot triction wheels driven by the disc and movable radiallyonitssurfacebytheN-Sandl-Wgo cranks, means controlled by the speed of rotation of-theN-Swheel forchanging the speedofrotation of the E-W wheel, a longitude indicator actuated by the E-W wheel. and a latitude indi- 3. A device for continuously indicating the poumon or a snip, comprising s sin routed in proportion to the ships speed, a crank controlled by the ship compass in proportion to the E-W component of the ship course. a second crank conso trolledbytheshipcompassi proportiontothe -N-S component o! ship'course,A a pair of frictionwheelsdrivenbythediscandmovable radiallyonitsmrfacebytheN--Bandl-W crankaacamc'outrolledbytherotationoftheesv drivingoonnectkalsbetweentlioci'anksandthe"Y ship compass, pair of wheels drivenby the disc and adjustable radially thereon by the lrespective cranks, differential connections between the N--S wheel and the E-W crank to vary the throw of the latter, and indicators driven by the respective wheels for indicating latitude and longitude.

5. Adevice for continuously indicating the psition of a ship, the combination of a disc driven in proportion -to the ships speed, a pair of rotatable cranks adjustable in proportion to the N-S and E-W components of the ship course, driving connections between the cranks and the ship compass, a pair of wheels driven by the disc and adjustable radially thereon by the ,respective cranks, a cam for varying thethrow of the E-W crank, differential mechanism controlled by the rotationof the N-S wheel for actuating the cam,

a latitude indicating dial driven by the N-S wheel, anda longitude indicating dial driven by the E-'W wheel.

6. A device for continuously indicating the position of a ship, the combination of a disc driven in proportion to cranks adjustable in proportion to the N-S and E--W components of the-ship course, driving connections between the cranks and the ship compass, avpair of wheels driven by the disc and adf justable radially thereon by the respective cranks,

electrical transmitters actuated by the wheels, electrical receivers driven by the transmitters, eonctions between the N-S receiver and the E receiver for varying the ratelof registration of the latter in proportion tothe existing indication of the former, and latitude and longitude indicating dials actuated by the respective receivers.

i 7. A device for continuously indicating position of a ship, the combination of a disc driven in proportion to the ships speed, a pair of rotatable cranks adjustable in proportion -to the N-S and E--W components of the ship course, driving connections between the cranks and the ship' compass, a pair of 'wheels driven -by the disc and adjustable radially thereon by the respective cranks, a cam driven in accordance with the total revolutions of the N-S wheel for varying the-ef-A fective revolutions of the E--W wheel,` a latitude indicator calibrated in proportion'to the electiver revolutions of the N-S wheel and driven thereby,

and a longitude indicator calibrated in proportion L to the effective 'revolutions of the E-W wheel and driven thereby. l j i 8. A device for continuously indicatingthe po-, sition of a ship, the combination ofa disc driven in proportion to the ships speed, a pair of rotatable cranks adjustable in proportionto the N--S and E-W components of the ship course,r driving connections `between the cranks and the ship compass, a pair of wheels drivenby the disc and adjustable radially vthereon by the respecti cranks, a variable speed devi controlled in proportion to the total revolutions of the N-S wheel, a latitude rindicator driven in proportion to the total revolutions of the N-S wheel, a' longitude indicator adapted to b e driven by the E--W wheel,

andconnections `between the variable mdde-l vice and the longitude'indlcator for varyili the ofthe latter. 9. A device for continuously indicating the pothe ships speed, a pair of rotatable sition of a ship, ,comprising a disc rotated in proportion to the ships speed, members controlled by the ship compass and hrelatively movable on the disc so as to be driven thereby, said members being adjustable in proportion to the E-W .and N-B components of the ship course, means controlled in accordance with the N-S component adjustment for modifying theadjustment of the E-W member, a longitude indicator operated by the E-W member, and a latitude indicator operated by thel N-S member.

l0. A device `for continuously indicating `the position of a ship, ,comprisingl a disc rotated in proportion to the ships speed, members controlled by the ship compass and frictionally engaging the surface of the disc so as to be driven thereby, said members being adjustable bodily on the disc in accordance with the E-W and N-S components ofthe ship course, a longitude indicator connected tothe E-W member for operation thereby, a latitude indicator connected to the N-S member for operation thereby, and means including a cam controlled in accordance withy the N-S component adjustment operatively connected to-the said connections between the disc and the said longitude indicator for modifying the indications thereof in accordance with changes in latitude of the ship.

-11..A device for continuously indicating the position of a ship, comprising a disc rotated in accordance with the ships speed, members controlled by the ship compass frictionally engaging components of the ship course, latitude and 1ongitude indicators, vrdriving means operated in accordance with the speed of the N-S member and connected to the latitude indicator to operate the same, driving means operated in accordance with the speed of the E--W member and connected to the longitude indicator to operate the same, and a earn driven by said driving means first-mentioned and operable to control the speed of at least a portion of said driving connection to the longitude indicatorto modify ytl'ie longitude indication in accordance withr changes inthe latitude of the ship.

12.A device for continuously indicating the position of ka ship, comprising a disc rotated in accordance with the speed of the ship, a pair of members controlled by the ship compass friction- -ally engaging the disc surface so as to be driven thereby, means for bodily adjusting said members on the disc in accordance with the N-Sand r E-W components of the ship course, latitude and longitude indicators, driving means operated in accordance with the speed of the N- S member and connected tothe latitude indicator, a second disc rotated in accordance with the speed of the E--W member,`a roller frictionally` engaging the surface of said second disc for rotation thereby, means including a cam driven in accordance with the total revolutions of the N-S member for bodily adjusting said roller in relation to said second disc, and drivingmeans op.

eratedin accordance with the speed of said roller for driving said longitude indicator. f

ARTHUR PA'I'I'ISON DAVIS. 

